What does "resting potential" refer to in a neuron?

• A. A state of high activity in the neuron.
• B. The electrical state when a neuron is signaling.
• C. The electrical state when a neuron is not being signaled.
• D. The time it takes for a neuron to recharge.

Answer: (C)

Resting potential refers to the electrical state of a neuron when it is not actively transmitting a signal. During this phase, the inside of the neuron has a negative charge relative to the outside, typically around -70 millivolts. This polarization is maintained by the distribution of ions across the neuron's membrane, primarily sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) ions. When a neuron is at rest, ion channels are closed, and the neuron is primed for action, ready to fire an action potential in response to a sufficient stimulus. This state is crucial for the proper functioning of neurons, ensuring that they can respond quickly and effectively when needed.