What does the Schachter-Singer theory suggest about the nature of emotions?

• A. Emotions are purely instinctual reactions
• B. Emotions result from the interaction between physiological arousal and cognition
• C. Emotions are only the result of environmental stimuli
• D. Emotional responses are fixed and unchangeable

Answer: (B)

The Schachter-Singer theory, also known as the two-factor theory of emotion, posits that emotions are the result of a combination of physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation of that arousal. According to this theory, when an individual experiences physiological changes—such as increased heart rate or sweating—they look to their environment to label the cause of these physical reactions. Thus, the emotional experience is not simply a direct response to physiological changes or environmental stimuli, but rather a complex interplay between both elements.

This understanding illustrates that emotions are not fixed responses; instead, they can vary depending on how an individual interprets their physiological state in the context of their surroundings. Therefore, the theory emphasizes the role of cognitive appraisal in shaping emotional experiences, which clearly aligns with the provided answer.