What type of interference occurs when past memories influence the recall of new memories?

• A. Proactive interference
• B. Retroactive interference
• C. Interference theory
• D. Transience

Answer: (A)

Proactive interference occurs when previously learned information affects the ability to remember new information. In this context, it means that old memories, which are already stored in one's memory, can hinder the recall of new memories. For instance, if someone learns a new phone number but has trouble remembering it because they frequently recall their old number, that is proactive interference in action.

This type of interference contrasts with retroactive interference, where newly acquired information makes it harder to remember previously learned material. Interference theory, while related, is a broader concept explaining how memories can compete, rather than designating a specific direction of influence. Transience pertains to the gradual forgetting of information over time and does not specifically address the relationship between old and new memories in the context of interference. Thus, proactive interference is the most appropriate term for situations where past memories negatively impact the recall of new ones.