Which nervous system is divided into autonomic and somatic systems?

• A. Peripheral nervous system
• B. Central nervous system
• C. Sympathetic nervous system
• D. Cognitive nervous system

Answer: (A)

The peripheral nervous system is divided into two main components: the autonomic nervous system and the somatic nervous system. The autonomic system regulates involuntary bodily functions such as heartbeat, digestion, and respiratory rate, and it is further divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. In contrast, the somatic system controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles and conveys sensory information. Understanding the organization of the peripheral nervous system helps clarify how the body responds to both external and internal stimuli, as well as how it maintains homeostasis.

The central nervous system, which consists of the brain and spinal cord, does not include these subdivisions and primarily functions to process information and coordinate bodily responses. The sympathetic nervous system is a part of the autonomic system specifically responsible for the body's 'fight or flight' responses. Finally, the cognitive nervous system is not a recognized part of the nervous system classification and does not exist in this context. Thus, the peripheral nervous system is the appropriate choice as it encompasses both the autonomic and somatic systems.