Which psychologist is known for developing a model comprised of cardinal, central, and secondary traits?

• A. Sigmund Freud
• B. Allport
• C. Cattell
• D. Carl Rogers

Answer: (B)

The correct answer is that Gordon Allport developed a model that categorizes personality traits into three levels: cardinal traits, central traits, and secondary traits. Allport's approach to personality emphasizes the uniqueness of the individual and the importance of understanding how different traits manifest in behaviors and attitudes.

Cardinal traits are those characteristics that dominate and shape an individual’s personality; they are so influential that they can be seen in almost all aspects of a person's life. Central traits are the general characteristics that form the basis of personality, while secondary traits are those that are more situational and not as consistent across various contexts. This model helps in understanding the complexity of human personalities, providing a structure that differentiates between traits based on their prominence and impact on behavior.

The other psychologists mentioned have focused on different aspects of psychological theory. Sigmund Freud is known for his psychoanalytic theory, which emphasizes the unconscious mind and childhood experiences. Raymond Cattell is recognized for his trait theory as well, but he focused on a different approach, identifying traits through factor analysis rather than categorizing them into the system developed by Allport. Carl Rogers is known for his humanistic approach and concepts like self-actualization and unconditional positive regard, which diverges from Allport's trait-focused